Loom for weaving pile fabrics



(NoModeL) 0. GOUPLAND & P. PEARSON. 'LOOM FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS;

Patented 001;. 20, 1896.

UNITED STATES CHARLES COUPLAND AND FRED PEARSON,

PATENT rricn.

OF SEYMOUR, CONXECTICUT.

LOOM FOR WEAVlNG PlLE FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 569,814, dated October20, 1896.

Application filed December 6, 1

To (0Z1 whont it may cancel-w:

Be it known. that we, CHARLES COUPLAND and FRED PEARSON, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Seymour, in the county of New Haven and Stateof Connecticut, have invented an In] provement in Looms for eaving PileFabrics, of which the following is a specification.

Wires have heretofore been introduced in the fabric as woven forspreading or distending the loops of warp-threads composing the pile ofthe fabric, and such wires have, in some instances, been withdrawnautomatically and the pile has sometimes been cut by knives or bladesupon such wires.

The present improvements are made with reference to weaving pile fabricswith reliability and with much greater rapidity than heretoforepossible, in consequence of the devices which spread or distend thepile-loops being withdrawn progressively as the weavin g proceeds, andsuch devices are much cheaper and more simple and less liable to get outof order than the means heretofore employed for accomplishing the sameobject.

In the present loom the body or backing of the pile fabric is woven insubstantially the ordinary manner and the threads composing thepile-surface are introduced as warps, and we make use of distenders, inthe form of thin blades passing through the reed at intervals andsupported byaframe and harness similar to the heddles of a loom, andthese distenders project beyond the point where the wefts are knocked upto place and the cloth fabric produced, and the parts are so made andthe movements so arranged that the distenders are carried downwardly andrest upon the shuttle-rail of the lay at the same time the pile-warpsare elevated, so that a distending-thread is laid across the distendersbetween them and the pile-warps, and when the shed is changed thepile-warps are carried down, leaving loops over the distendingthreads,which distending-threads are supported by the distenders, and then aweftthrcad is interwoven in forming the body or back of the fabric afterthe distenders have been raised, and as the weaving progresses thedistending-threads slip off the ends of the distendcrs and the fabric iscomplete, ready for the distending-threads to be pulled out in 895.herialllo. 571,238. (Nomodelfl,

completing the fabric, or the pile-loops may be simultaneously cut asthe distendingthreads are drawn out.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing part of thelay, breastbeam, and heddles and with the distenders raised for theshuttle to pass beneath. Fig. 2 is a similar view with the distenders depressed and resting upon the shuttle-rail of the lay for the shuttle topass over the distenders. Fig. 3 is an elevation, and Fig. & an en dview, of the frame in which the distenders are sustained; and Fig. 5represents the fabric by an enlarged diagrammatic secsection, and Fig.(i represents a modification in the fabric.

The breast-beam A is of any ordinary character, and around the same thewoven piled fabric or plush passes and is wound upon a suitablecloth-beam, and the lay b is made with a shuttle-rail 5 and with a reed(i, and We remark that any ordinary shuttle-controlling devices are tobe made use of, as it is usually necessary to em ploytwo shuttles, onefor laying in the distending-threads 7 and the other for laying in theweft-threads 8, which form the backing of the fabric. These parts beingwell known do not require further description, and we have representedheddles and heddle-franies with their supports or harness at C, D, E,and F for manipulating the warps in the operations of weaving. Theseheddles and their appliances may be of any desired character. We haverepresented the heddles C and D as adapted to raise and lower the warpsthat are used in nakin g the pileloops and the heddles E and F asadapted to manipulate the warps in the weaving of the body or back ofthe fabric. he distenders G are in wires or springs, of a width tocorrespond to the length of loops forming the piles of the fabric, andeach distender is made with a vertical bar or T-head 10, at the ends ofwhich are slots or eyes for cords or wires by which such distenders areheld within the frame H, i and the vertical bars of these distenders areof sufficient length for allowing the warps to be raised or lowered bythe harness, the warps passing between the vertical bars of thedistenders.

It is not necessary to have as many disthe form of thin tenders as thereare wires in the reed, as the weaving is reliably performed when thereis a distender to ever three or four wires in the reed, and thedistenders G pass through the reed and are of a sufficient length toreach. beyond the cloth-making point,so as to support the desired numberof pile-loops in the woven fabric before the distended pile-loops passbeyond and separate from the ends of the distenders as the weavingprogresses. These distenders are raised when the shuttle or shuttles areto pass beneath them, and they are depressed and lie substantially uponthe shuttle-rail when the shuttle is to pass above them. Hence they aresometimes in line with the woven fabric and sometimes at an angle to thesame, and to give freedom of movement to the parts the frame H ispivoted at its ends to the frame I, to which the ordinary straps orcords are applied in the harness mechanism for raising or lowering theframe I, and as this movement takes place the frame H and the verticalbars 10 of the distenders G swing upon the pivots 12, so as to allow theparts easily to assume the proper positions as the distenders stand atdifferent angles to the woven fabric.

e have not represented any mechanism for raising or lowering theheddle-frames or the frames H I and the distenders, as the devicesemployed for this purpose may be of any ordinary or desired character asnow employed in actuating the heddles of looms.

iVhen the loom is in operation, the weftthreads 8 are thrown in at theproper time from a shuttle or shuttles passing below the distenders G,so as to weave the body or backing of the fabric, and when theweft-threads 8 are laid in position by the shuttle the distenders G areelevated for the shuttle to pass beneath the same, and when thepile-loops are to be formed the distenders G are lowered, so as to restupon the shuttle-rail, as seen in Fig. 2, for the shuttle O to pass overthe same and lay in a thread 7 between the top edges of the distenders Gand the warp-threads 13, from which the pile of the fabric is made, andwhen such warp-threads 13 are depressed and employ two or more l heddlesfor manipulating the warps from which the pile-loops are made, so thatsuch loops may be woven alternately between the weft-threads forming thebody of the fabric, as represented in larger size in Fig. 5, the threadsof the warp forming the pile-loops passing up between one weft-threadand the next and around the distending-thread 7, and passing beneath twoweft-threads and over two other weft-threads in the body or backingbefore being again carried up to form another loop in the pile fabric.

It will be apparent that as the weaving progresses thedistending-threads 7 pass 01f the ends of the distenders Gprogressively, and they remain in the loops of the pile fabric and theymay be drawn out at any time, as desired, and where the pile-loops areto be cut any suitable blade may be drawn in for cutting such loops asthe distending-threads are drawn out, the cutting-blade being connectedwith a disfending-thread, so as to be drawn into each 10.) p insuccession as the distendingthread is drawn out.

The warp-threads 14, that are interwoven with the Weft-threads 8 to formthe backing of the fabric, may be of any desired character and number.They are not represented in Fig. 5, to avoid confusion. Threeweft-threads may intervene between the pile-loops, as seen in Fig. 6,instead of the four shown in Fig. 5.

We claim as our invention.

1. The combination in a loom for weaving warp-pile fabrics, with thelay, and devices for manipulating the warp, of distenders formed ofsmooth thin wire, means for raising and lowering the distenders into theupper and lower plane of the warps, and means for inserting aweft-thread above the distenders while the distenders are in the planeof the lower warps, whereby the pile-warps will be formed as loopsaround such weft-thread as it is supported by the distenderssubstantially as specified.

2. The combination with the lay, reed and heddles in a loom for weavingpile fabric, of distenders passing through the reed and bars connectedwith the distenders and behind the reed, a frame in which thedistender-bars are sustained, pivots for such frame and means forraising and lowering the pivots and elevating or depressing thedistenders, substantially as set forth.

Signed by us this 28th day of November, 1895.

CHARLES COUPLAND. FRED PEARSON. WVitnesses:

JOHN A. GRIFFITH, HENRY HOWARD.

